The drawworks is not only a lifting system equipment, but also a core component of the entire drilling rig.

1. Function

(1) Remove drilling tools and casing;

(2) Control the drilling pressure and feed the drilling tools during the drilling process;

(3) Using a cat's head to attach and remove drilling tool threads, lift heavy objects, and perform other auxiliary work;

(4) Acting as a variable speed mechanism or intermediate transmission mechanism for a turntable; Lift the derrick as a whole.

2. Structural Composition

(1) The drum and drum shaft assembly are the core components of the drawworks;

(2) Braking mechanisms, including mechanical brakes and water brakes (electromagnetic brakes);

(3) Cat head and cat head shaft assembly, used to tighten and remove threads and lift heavy objects; The heavy-duty drilling rig drawworks also includes a sand drum for extracting core barrels;

(4) The transmission system introduces and distributes power and transmits motion. For internal variable speed drawworks, in addition to the transmission shaft, drum shaft, and cat head shaft, it also includes chains, gears, shaft components, and intermediate transmission shaft of the turntable;

(5) The control system, including gear inserts, gear type, pneumatic clutch, driller's control console, control valves, etc., is an integral part of the drilling rig control system;

(6) Lubrication system, including butter lubrication, drip lubrication, sealed transmission, splash or forced lubrication;

(7) Support system, with welded frame type brackets or sealed box shell type mounts.

3. Drawworks Type

(1) Divided by number of axes: single axis, double axis, three-axis, and multi axis drawworks;

(2) Divided by the number of drums: single drum and multi drum drawworks (the main drum is used to lift the drilling tools, and the sand drum is used to lift the core taking tools and perform lifting operations during oil testing);

(3) According to the lifting speed, there are two speed, three speed, four speed, six speed, and eight speed drawworks.

4. Drawworks Selction

The type of drawworks used in a drilling rig is related to various factors, mainly including:

(1) Power level, whether the main drum is mounted on the drill floor, and how to install and transport it;

(2) The variable speed mode, whether it is inside or outside the drawworks, depends on the overall transmission scheme and needs to be considered uniformly; Light and medium-sized vehicles are mostly externally variable speed drawworks; Heavy and ultra heavy drilling drawworks often use drawworks internal variable speed;

(3) Reverse mode (outside or inside the drawworks);

(4) Types and quantities of cat heads; Is the cat's head axis subject to inertia braking; Number and arrangement of clutches;

(5) Does it serve as an intermediate structure or variable speed structure for the transmission plate;

(6) Lubrication methods include butter, dripping, splashing, or forced lubrication;

(7) Control method (generally using centralized gas control and gas shift);

(8) Driver type.